Biogeochemical Cycles Study Guide

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What is a biogeochemical cycle?

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A biogeochemical cycle is the movement of elements and compounds through living organisms and the physical environment, involving biological, geological, and chemical processes.

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What is the greenhouse effect?

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The greenhouse effect is the warming of Earth's surface due to the trapping of heat by greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor.

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What are fossil fuels?

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Fossil fuels are natural substances formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals, including coal, oil, and natural gas, used as energy sources.

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What is eutrophication?

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Eutrophication is the process by which water bodies become overly enriched with nutrients, leading to excessive growth of algae and depletion of oxygen.

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What role do nitrogen-fixing bacteria play in the nitrogen cycle?

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Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates or ammonia, which plants can absorb and use for growth.

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What is an algae bloom?

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An algae bloom is a rapid increase in the population of algae in water bodies, often due to excess nutrients, which can harm aquatic life.

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How does deforestation affect the carbon cycle?

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Deforestation reduces the number of trees that can absorb carbon dioxide, leading to increased levels of CO2 in the atmosphere and contributing to global warming.

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What is runoff in the context of the phosphorus cycle?

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Runoff refers to the flow of water, often containing nutrients like phosphorus, from land into water bodies, which can lead to pollution and eutrophication.

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What is the significance of the water cycle in biogeochemical cycles?

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The water cycle is crucial as it transports nutrients and minerals through evaporation, condensation, and precipitation, supporting life on Earth.

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What are the consequences of increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?

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Increased carbon dioxide levels can lead to global warming, climate change, and ocean acidification, affecting ecosystems and weather patterns.