Biology Benchmark Review

Front

What is a cladogram?

Back

A cladogram is a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

Front

Which organism is most distantly related to humans according to a cladogram: crayfish, grasshopper, perch, or frog?

Back

Crayfish.

Front

What is sickle cell disease?

Back

Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder that affects the shape of red blood cells, causing them to become rigid and sickle-shaped, which can lead to various health complications.

Front

What does the body fail to produce enough of in sickle cell disease?

Back

Healthy red blood cells.

Front

What is the significance of studying fossils in biology?

Back

Studying fossils helps scientists understand the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution by comparing extinct species to modern species.

Front

What do scientists compare to modern species to provide evidence for evolution?

Back

Extinct species.

Front

What does DNA code for?

Back

DNA codes for genes, which are sequences of nucleotides that determine the production of proteins.

Front

What are genes?

Back

Genes are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for building proteins, which perform various functions in the body.

Front

What is adaptation in biology?

Back

Adaptation is the process by which a species becomes better suited to its environment through changes in its traits over generations.

Front

What can be an outcome when a group of birds adapts to a new environment?

Back

New species.