AP - Cell Communication

Front

What is a G-protein coupled receptor?

Back

A G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) is a type of transmembrane receptor that detects molecules outside the cell and activates internal signal transduction pathways and cellular responses.

Front

What is a synapse?

Back

A synapse is the junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released to facilitate communication.

Front

Do plant cells communicate using hormones?

Back

Yes, plant cells communicate using hormones, which are signaling molecules that regulate various physiological processes.

Front

What are the main steps in a signal transduction pathway?

Back

The main steps are Reception (detecting the signal), Transduction (converting the signal), Amplification (increasing the signal strength), and Response (the cellular action resulting from the signal).

Front

What are ligand-operated ion channels?

Back

Ligand-operated ion channels are proteins that open or close in response to the binding of a chemical messenger (ligand), allowing ions to flow across the membrane.

Front

What is the role of neurotransmitters?

Back

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another, influencing various functions in the nervous system.

Front

What is signal amplification in cell signaling?

Back

Signal amplification is the process by which a small number of signaling molecules can produce a large response in the target cell.

Front

What is the difference between paracrine and endocrine signaling?

Back

Paracrine signaling involves the release of signaling molecules that affect nearby cells, while endocrine signaling involves hormones released into the bloodstream to affect distant cells.

Front

What is a receptor tyrosine kinase?

Back

A receptor tyrosine kinase is a type of cell surface receptor that, when bound by a ligand, activates its intrinsic kinase activity, leading to phosphorylation of tyrosine residues on itself and other proteins.

Front

What is the function of G-proteins in cell signaling?

Back

G-proteins act as molecular switches that relay signals from activated receptors to target proteins inside the cell, influencing various cellular responses.