AP Chemistry Unit 4 Review-Part 2

Front

What is the difference between a chemical change and a physical change?

Back

A chemical change results in the formation of new substances with different properties, while a physical change does not alter the chemical composition of a substance.

Front

Define a base in terms of proton transfer.

Back

A base is defined as a proton acceptor.

Front

What is a net ionic equation?

Back

A net ionic equation shows only the species that participate in a chemical reaction, omitting spectator ions.

Front

What observation indicates a chemical change has occurred?

Back

The formation of a precipitate indicates a chemical change.

Front

In the reaction H⁺ + H₂O → H₃O⁺, what role does water play?

Back

Water acts as a base accepting a proton.

Front

What is the definition of a precipitate?

Back

A precipitate is an insoluble solid that forms when two solutions are mixed.

Front

What is the significance of the law of conservation of mass in chemical reactions?

Back

The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction; the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products.

Front

What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid?

Back

An Arrhenius acid is a substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in aqueous solution.

Front

What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid?

Back

A Bronsted-Lowry acid is a substance that donates a proton (H⁺) to another substance.

Front

What is the role of spectator ions in a chemical reaction?

Back

Spectator ions are ions that do not participate in the actual chemical reaction and remain unchanged on both sides of the equation.