Fall24 Final Exam Review

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What is a z-score?

Back

A z-score indicates how many standard deviations an element is from the mean. It is calculated using the formula: z = (x - µ) / σ.

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How do you calculate a z-score for a given value?

Back

To calculate a z-score, subtract the mean (µ) from the value (x) and then divide by the standard deviation (σ). Formula: z = (x - µ) / σ.

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What is a stratified sample?

Back

A stratified sample is a sampling method where the population is divided into subgroups (strata) that share similar characteristics, and samples are taken from each stratum.

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What is the purpose of stratified sampling?

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Stratified sampling aims to ensure that specific subgroups are adequately represented in the sample, improving the accuracy of the results.

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What does it mean if a predicted height is an estimate?

Back

It means that the predicted height is based on statistical models and may not reflect the actual height of an individual, which can vary.

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What is a bar chart?

Back

A bar chart is a graphical representation of data where individual bars represent different categories, making it easy to compare quantities.

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How do you interpret a bar chart?

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To interpret a bar chart, look at the height of the bars to compare the values of different categories. The taller the bar, the greater the value.

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What is the weakest association in data analysis?

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The weakest association refers to the least correlation or relationship between two variables, indicating that changes in one variable do not significantly affect the other.

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What is a simple random sample?

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A simple random sample is a sampling method where every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected.

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What is a systematic sample?

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A systematic sample is a sampling method where you select every nth individual from a list of the population.