Identifying Acids and Bases

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What is an acid?

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An acid is a substance that donates protons (H⁺ ions) in a solution. Examples include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄).

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What is a base?

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A base is a substance that accepts protons or donates hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in a solution. Examples include sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ammonia (NH₃).

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What is a diprotic acid?

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A diprotic acid is an acid that can donate two protons (H⁺ ions) per molecule. An example is sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄).

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What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid?

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According to the Arrhenius definition, an acid is a substance that increases the concentration of H⁺ ions in aqueous solution.

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What is the Arrhenius definition of a base?

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According to the Arrhenius definition, a base is a substance that increases the concentration of OH⁻ ions in aqueous solution.

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What is the pH scale?

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The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic), with 7 being neutral.

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What is a neutralization reaction?

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A neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base that produces water and a salt.

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What is an example of a common household acid?

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Common household acids include vinegar (acetic acid) and lemon juice (citric acid).

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What is an example of a common household base?

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Common household bases include baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and soap.

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What is the role of indicators in acid-base chemistry?

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Indicators are substances that change color in response to changes in pH, helping to identify whether a solution is acidic or basic.