DNA Structure and Cell Differentiation

Front

What is DNA?

Back

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

Front

What are the building blocks of DNA?

Back

The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides, which consist of a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

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What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Front

How do nitrogenous bases pair in DNA?

Back

In DNA, Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G).

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is transcription in the context of DNA?

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Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA, which then carries the information to make proteins.

Front

What is the significance of a codon?

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A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or signals the termination of protein synthesis.

Front

What is the structure of a DNA nucleotide?

Back

A DNA nucleotide consists of three components: a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is the backbone of the DNA molecule made of?

Back

The backbone of the DNA molecule is made of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups.

Front

What is mitosis?

Back

Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.