AP Biology: Unit 3 Review (CED)

Front

What environmental conditions can cause denaturation of an enzyme?

Back

Extreme increase in temperature and pH changes.

Front

What is the effect on the free energy of doubling the amount of enzyme?

Back

No effect on free energy.

Front

Describe the pathway of electrons in the light reactions of photosynthesis.

Back

H₂O → PSII → ETC → PSI → NADPH.

Front

Where is the electrochemical gradient of protons generated in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration?

Back

Intermembrane space.

Front

What is the difference between competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors?

Back

Competitive binds to the active site and noncompetitive binds to another site.

Front

Define denaturation in the context of enzymes.

Back

Denaturation is the process where an enzyme loses its functional shape due to environmental factors, affecting its activity.

Front

What role does pH play in enzyme activity?

Back

pH affects the ionization of the enzyme and substrate, influencing the enzyme's shape and activity.

Front

Explain the function of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration.

Back

The electron transport chain transfers electrons through a series of proteins, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.

Front

What is the significance of NADPH in photosynthesis?

Back

NADPH is used as a reducing agent in the Calvin cycle to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

Front

How does temperature affect enzyme activity?

Back

Increased temperature can enhance enzyme activity up to a point, but extreme temperatures can lead to denaturation.