Protein Synthesis & Mutations

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What are the two main stages of protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription and Translation.

Front

What occurs during transcription?

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The process where the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into mRNA.

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What occurs during translation?

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The process where the mRNA sequence is decoded to build a polypeptide chain (protein) using ribosomes.

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What is a mutation?

Back

A change in the DNA sequence that can affect how genes function.

Front

What is a substitution mutation?

Back

A type of mutation where one base pair is replaced by another, potentially altering the amino acid sequence.

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What is an insertion mutation?

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A type of mutation where one or more base pairs are added to the DNA sequence, which can shift the reading frame.

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What is a deletion mutation?

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A type of mutation where one or more base pairs are removed from the DNA sequence, which can also shift the reading frame.

Front

What is translocation in genetics?

Back

A mutation where a segment of DNA is moved from one location to another, which can disrupt gene function.

Front

How do mutations affect protein synthesis?

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Mutations can change the amino acid sequence of a protein, potentially altering its function.