3. Protein Synthesis: Key Vocabulary

Front

What base in RNA replaces thymine and bonds with adenine?

Back

Uracil

Front

What is the sequence of 3 bases that codes for one amino acid called?

Back

Codon

Front

Which type of RNA is found in the ribosome and guides the translation of mRNA into a protein?

Back

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Front

What is the process of copying a nucleotide sequence of DNA to form a complementary strand of mRNA?

Back

Transcription

Front

What carries copies of DNA's genetic material from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?

Back

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Front

What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation.

Front

What is the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in the ribosome?

Back

rRNA helps to form the structure of the ribosome and catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds.

Front

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

Back

Transcription is the process of making mRNA from DNA, while translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA.

Front

What is a mutation in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can affect the amino acid sequence of a protein.

Front

What is the start codon and its significance?

Back

The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.