Flashcard 2

Front

What is the relationship between density, molar mass, and temperature in gases?

Back

The density of a gas is directly related to its molar mass and inversely related to its temperature. If two gases have the same molar mass and temperature, their densities will be the same.

Front

What are intermolecular forces?

Back

Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction or repulsion between neighboring particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). They include London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, and hydrogen bonding.

Front

What is the significance of molecular dipoles in determining melting points?

Back

Molecular dipoles can lead to stronger intermolecular forces, which can increase the melting point of a substance. Molecules with a dipole tend to have higher melting points than those without.

Front

What is a trigonal planar electron geometry?

Back

Trigonal planar electron geometry occurs when a central atom is bonded to three other atoms, with all bonds in the same plane, forming a 120-degree angle between them.

Front

What is a net dipole moment?

Back

A net dipole moment is a measure of the polarity of a molecule, determined by the vector sum of all individual dipole moments in the molecule.

Front

What are London dispersion forces?

Back

London dispersion forces are weak intermolecular forces that arise from temporary shifts in electron density in atoms or molecules, leading to temporary dipoles.

Front

What are dipole-dipole interactions?

Back

Dipole-dipole interactions are attractive forces between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule.

Front

How do hydrogen bonds differ from other intermolecular forces?

Back

Hydrogen bonds are a specific type of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms like nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine.

Front

What is the effect of molecular structure on physical properties like melting point?

Back

The structure of a molecule, including its shape and the presence of functional groups, can significantly affect its physical properties, such as melting point and boiling point.

Front

What is the role of temperature in gas behavior?

Back

Temperature affects the kinetic energy of gas particles; higher temperatures increase particle movement, which can affect gas density and pressure.