Final Exam Review Flashcard Ch. 1-3

Front

What do the splits in the branches of a phylogenetic tree represent?

Back

A division of one lineage into two.

Front

What is the byproduct of a condensation reaction between monomers?

Back

Water.

Front

What is the term used in phylogenetic trees to describe the splits in branches?

Back

Node.

Front

Carbohydrates often form which of the following structures in organisms?

Back

Extracellular structures such as cell walls.

Front

What type of interaction stabilizes the quaternary structure of proteins?

Back

Hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges, hydrophobic interactions; ionic bonds.

Front

Define a phylogenetic tree.

Back

A diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

Front

What is a monomer?

Back

A small molecule that can join together with other similar molecules to form a polymer.

Front

What is a polymer?

Back

A large molecule composed of many repeated subunits (monomers), typically connected by covalent chemical bonds.

Front

Explain the concept of condensation reaction.

Back

A chemical reaction where two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, releasing a small molecule, often water.

Front

What is the role of hydrogen bonds in biological molecules?

Back

Hydrogen bonds help stabilize the structure of proteins and nucleic acids, influencing their shape and function.