Genetics and Technology

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What is DNA fingerprinting?

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A technique used to identify individuals based on unique patterns in their DNA, commonly used in forensic science.

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What is a transgenic crop?

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A crop that has been genetically modified to express traits from another species, such as increased resistance to pests.

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What is the role of bacteria in biotechnology?

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Bacteria can be genetically engineered to produce substances like insulin, acting as 'factories' for pharmaceuticals.

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What was the Human Genome Project?

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An international research initiative aimed at mapping and understanding all the genes of the human species.

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How do X-rays affect DNA?

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Overexposure to X-rays can cause changes in the sequence of DNA nucleotides, potentially leading to mutations.

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What is gene therapy?

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A technique that modifies a person's genes to treat or prevent disease, often by inserting a healthy copy of a gene.

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What is gene cloning?

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The process of making multiple identical copies of a particular gene or DNA sequence.

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What is karyotyping?

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A laboratory technique that produces an image of an individual's chromosomes, used to detect genetic abnormalities.

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What is the benefit of increased disease resistance in crops?

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It allows crops to survive and thrive in environments where they might otherwise be affected by pathogens.

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What is the significance of the genetic code?

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The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in DNA is translated into proteins, essential for all living organisms.