Unit Four

Front

Which atom is larger: As or As⁻³?

Back

As⁻³ is larger than As because it has gained three electrons, increasing its electron cloud size.

Front

How many electrons are NOT bonded in a typical atom?

Back

4 electrons are typically not bonded in many atoms, depending on their valence.

Front

Which ion is larger: Cu⁺, Cu²⁺, or Cu³⁺?

Back

Cu⁺ is larger than both Cu²⁺ and Cu³⁺ because it has fewer protons pulling on the same number of electrons.

Front

What is an ionic bond?

Back

An ionic bond is a chemical bond formed between metals and nonmetals, where electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

Front

According to the octet rule, how many valence electrons do most elements need?

Back

Most elements need 8 valence electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.

Front

What happens to the size of an atom when it gains electrons?

Back

When an atom gains electrons, it becomes an anion and its size increases due to increased electron-electron repulsion.

Front

What is the charge of a cation?

Back

A cation has a positive charge, formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.

Front

What is the charge of an anion?

Back

An anion has a negative charge, formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.

Front

What is the significance of the octet rule in chemical bonding?

Back

The octet rule helps predict how atoms will bond by indicating that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a full outer shell of 8 electrons.

Front

What type of elements typically form ionic bonds?

Back

Ionic bonds typically form between metals, which lose electrons, and nonmetals, which gain electrons.