PSY 2020 Final Exam Review

Front

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good theory?
support by data,
cannot be falsified,
as simple as possible (parsimony),
open to modification

Back

cannot be falsified

Front

What is the role of data analysis in the scientific method?

Back

To test hypotheses and determine the probability of their support.

Front

In hypothesis testing, what does the null hypothesis represent?

Back

A claim that there is no difference, and any observed effect is likely due to randomness.

Front

Which of the following describes the "Theory-Then-Research" approach to scientific investigation? Options: Collecting data without any prior theory in mind., Developing a theory, deriving propositions from it, and testing them empirically., Observing phenomena, analyzing patterns, and creating a theory afterward., Focusing on practical problem-solving without theoretical guidance.

Back

Developing a theory, deriving propositions from it, and testing them empirically.

Front

Translational research is best described as:

Back

Applying basic research findings to develop treatment or intervention strategies.

Front

Which statement BEST differentiates qualitative from quantitative research methodologies?

Back

Qualitative research captures subjective experiences, whereas quantitative research involves objective measurements that rely on statistical inference.

Front

Which of the following MOST accurately describes the primary focus of basic research?
Developing scalable solutions to complex societal problems.
Enhancing the understanding of fundamental principles without immediate practical application. Creating interdisciplinary models that directly translate into intervention strategies. Demonstrating the superiority of empirical methods over theoretical constructs.

Back

Enhancing the understanding of fundamental principles without immediate practical application.

Front

The closer an R-value is to which of the following, the stronger and more "perfect" the relationship between variables? 0, ±0.5, ±1, ±2

Back

±1

Front

Which criterion for establishing causality is MOST directly challenged by the "third variable problem"?

Back

Internal validity (non spuriousness)

Front

In confidence intervals, what does a broader range typically indicate, and under what condition is it more commonly observed?

Back

Lower precision, smaller sample sizes