Flashcard 1-Unit 5-Codon Chart

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What amino acid does the codon AAA code for?

Back

Lysine.

Front

What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?

Back

Leucine.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it is translated into a protein.

Front

How many amino acids are coded for by the sequence ATG GGA ACT CCA?

Back

4 amino acids.

Front

What is the amino acid sequence for the mRNA strand AAU-UCG-CAA-GGG?

Back

Asn-Ser-Gln-Gly (Asparagine-Serine-Glutamine-Glycine).

Front

What is the function of the ribosome in protein synthesis?

Back

The ribosome is the cellular machinery that assembles amino acids into proteins based on the sequence of codons in mRNA.

Front

What is the start codon and its significance?

Back

The start codon is AUG, which signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid Methionine.

Front

What is a stop codon?

Back

A stop codon is a codon that signals the termination of protein synthesis; examples include UAA, UAG, and UGA.

Front

How is the mRNA molecule transcribed from DNA?

Back

During transcription, RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA by pairing RNA nucleotides with complementary DNA nucleotides.