AP Biology 1st Semester Study Guide

Front

What are homologous chromosomes?

Back

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent, that are similar in shape, size, and genetic content.

Front

What is the role of second messengers in cellular signaling?

Back

Second messengers relay signals from the outside of the cell to the inside, facilitating communication within the cell.

Front

What is active transport?

Back

Active transport is the process of moving substances across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.

Front

What is chlorophyll?

Back

Chlorophyll is a pigment found in plants that is essential for photosynthesis, allowing plants to absorb light energy.

Front

Why are biological macromolecules essential for life?

Back

Biological macromolecules perform vital functions in organisms, including structural support, energy storage, and catalyzing biochemical reactions.

Front

What are the four main types of biological macromolecules?

Back

The four main types are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Front

What is the function of enzymes?

Back

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body without being consumed in the process.

Front

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Back

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles.

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix composed of nucleotides, which include a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is the process of photosynthesis?

Back

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants convert light energy into chemical energy, producing glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water.