AP Chemistry Unit 5 Review

Front

What is the rate law for a reaction involving gaseous species X and Y₂ if the experimental rate is given by Rate = k[X][Y₂]?

Back

The rate law indicates that the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of reactants X and Y₂.

Front

Define the term 'elementary step' in a chemical reaction mechanism.

Back

An elementary step is a single step in a reaction mechanism that describes a specific molecular event, such as the collision of reactants.

Front

What is the significance of the rate-determining step in a reaction mechanism?

Back

The rate-determining step is the slowest step in a reaction mechanism, which limits the overall reaction rate.

Front

How does the concentration of reactants affect the rate of a chemical reaction?

Back

According to the rate law, an increase in the concentration of reactants generally increases the reaction rate.

Front

What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

Back

A catalyst increases the reaction rate by providing an alternative pathway with a lower activation energy.

Front

Explain the concept of activation energy in chemical reactions.

Back

Activation energy is the minimum energy required for reactants to undergo a chemical reaction.

Front

What is the relationship between the rate constant (k) and temperature in a chemical reaction?

Back

The rate constant (k) typically increases with an increase in temperature, as described by the Arrhenius equation.

Front

Define the term 'reaction mechanism'.

Back

A reaction mechanism is a detailed description of the steps and intermediates involved in a chemical reaction.

Front

What is the difference between a homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst?

Back

A homogeneous catalyst is in the same phase as the reactants, while a heterogeneous catalyst is in a different phase.

Front

How do you determine the overall rate law from a multi-step reaction mechanism?

Back

The overall rate law is determined by the rate-determining step and the concentrations of the reactants involved in that step.