Biogeochemical Cycles Flashcard

Front

What is Nitrogen Fixation?

Back

The process of converting nitrogen gas (N2) from the atmosphere into ammonia (NH3) or related compounds in soil, primarily carried out by bacteria.

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What role do bacteria play in the nitrogen cycle?

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Bacteria are essential for nitrogen fixation, ammonification, and decomposition, helping to convert nitrogen into forms usable by plants.

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What is the process by which carbon dioxide returns to the atmosphere?

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Carbon dioxide returns to the atmosphere through combustion (burning of fossil fuels) and cellular respiration (process by which organisms convert glucose and oxygen into energy).

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How do trees contribute to the water cycle?

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Trees contribute to the water cycle through transpiration, where they release water vapor into the atmosphere from their leaves.

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What is the significance of decomposition in biogeochemical cycles?

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Decomposition breaks down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the soil and making them available for plant uptake.

Front

What is ammonification?

Back

Ammonification is the process by which bacteria convert organic nitrogen from dead organisms and waste into ammonia.

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How do humans impact the nitrogen cycle?

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Humans negatively affect the nitrogen cycle by using excessive fertilizers, which can lead to nutrient runoff and pollution, and through combustion processes that release nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere.

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What is the role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle?

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Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert carbon dioxide and sunlight into glucose and oxygen, removing CO2 from the atmosphere.

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What is runoff in the water cycle?

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Runoff is the movement of water, usually from precipitation, across the land surface into rivers, lakes, and oceans.

Front

What are the main components of the water cycle?

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The main components of the water cycle include evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, and runoff.