Protein Synthesis

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What is Protein Synthesis?

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The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What is Transcription?

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The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA, which occurs in the nucleus.

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What is Translation?

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The process of decoding mRNA to synthesize proteins, occurring in the ribosomes.

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What is the role of mRNA?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

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What is a Codon?

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A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during translation.

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What is a Stop Codon?

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A codon that signals the termination of protein synthesis; examples include UAA, UAG, and UGA.

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What is the function of Ribosomes?

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Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, synthesizing proteins by linking amino acids together.

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What is the role of tRNA?

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tRNA (transfer RNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching them to the corresponding codon on the mRNA.

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What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

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The framework describing the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

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What is the significance of the Nucleus in Protein Synthesis?

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The nucleus houses DNA, where transcription occurs, and protects genetic material from the cytoplasm.