Unit 1: The Key Theoretical Frameworks of Psychology and Health

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What is the Biopsychosocial Model?

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A model developed by Engel (1977) that integrates psychological, environmental, and biomedical factors in health.

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What are the three contributing factors in the Biopsychosocial Model?

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1. Biological factors (genetics, viruses, bacteria, structural defects); 2. Psychological aspects (cognitions, emotions, behaviors); 3. Social aspects (social norms, pressures, values, class, environment, ethnicity).

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How does Health Psychology view health and illness?

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As a continuum, exploring how psychological factors impact health at all stages.

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What are the stages where psychology is involved in health according to Health Psychology?

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Illness onset, help-seeking, illness adaptation, illness progression, and health outcomes.

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What are the two pathways between psychology and health?

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1. Direct pathway: physiological impact of psychological experiences; 2. Indirect pathway: influence of thoughts on behavior affecting health.

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What does Health Psychology focus on regarding variability?

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It emphasizes that there is more variability between individuals than just knowledge of health risks or disease severity.

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What psychological constructs are illustrated in Mr. A's case of lung cancer?

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Health beliefs, peer pressure, reinforcement, social norms, habit, illness beliefs, risk perception, help-seeking, delayed help-seeking, doctor decision making, adherence, Quality of Life, and health outcomes.

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What are the aims of studying the psychology of health and illness?

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To assess the role of behavior in illness development, predict and change unhealthy behaviors, understand and improve the experience of illness, and improve illness outcomes.

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What are the four perspectives emphasized in the psychology of health and illness?

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1. Biopsychosocial perspective; 2. Health and illness as a continuum; 3. Direct and indirect pathways between psychology and health; 4. Focus on variability.