Genetics Mini Review

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What are alleles?

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Alleles are different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome.

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What does homozygous mean?

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Homozygous refers to having two identical alleles for a particular gene (e.g., AA or aa).

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What does heterozygous mean?

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Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene (e.g., Aa).

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What is codominance?

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Codominance is a genetic scenario where both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed, resulting in a phenotype that is neither dominant nor recessive.

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What is incomplete dominance?

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Incomplete dominance occurs when both alleles affect the phenotype, but neither is completely expressed, resulting in a blend of traits.

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What is a Punnett Square?

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A Punnett Square is a diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing the possible combinations of alleles from the parents.

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What is a dominant allele?

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A dominant allele is an allele that expresses its trait even when only one copy is present (represented by a capital letter).

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What is a recessive allele?

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A recessive allele is an allele that only expresses its trait when two copies are present (represented by a lowercase letter).

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What is a phenotype?

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Phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype.

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What is a genotype?

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Genotype is the genetic constitution of an individual, representing the alleles inherited from the parents.