Protein Synthesis & Cell Division LEAP Review

Front

What is the process of protein synthesis?

Back

Protein synthesis is the process by which cells generate new proteins. It involves two main stages: transcription (where DNA is transcribed to mRNA) and translation (where mRNA is translated into a polypeptide chain).

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for assembling amino acids into a protein.

Front

What are the base pairing rules in RNA?

Back

In RNA, adenine pairs with uracil, and cytosine pairs with guanine.

Front

What are the base pairing rules in DNA?

Back

In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine.

Front

What is the significance of the start codon in translation?

Back

The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of protein synthesis and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is meiosis?

Back

Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four haploid cells, each with 23 chromosomes in humans.

Front

How many chromosomes do normal human somatic cells have?

Back

Normal human somatic cells have 46 chromosomes.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, facilitating the assembly of amino acids into proteins based on the sequence of mRNA.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.