Protein Synthesis and Mutations Flashcard

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What is Protein Synthesis?

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The process by which cells generate proteins, involving two main steps: transcription and translation.

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What are the two major steps in Protein Synthesis?

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Transcription and Translation.

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What is Transcription in Protein Synthesis?

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The process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA.

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What is Translation in Protein Synthesis?

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The process where ribosomes create proteins by reading mRNA and assembling amino acids.

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What is a Mutation?

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A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.

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What are Chromosomal Mutations?

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Mutations that affect the structure of whole chromosomes, potentially altering many genes.

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Can organisms control mutations?

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No, mutations occur randomly and cannot be decided by the organism.

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What are external mutagens?

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Environmental factors that can cause mutations, such as radiation, chemicals, and viruses.

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What are internal process errors?

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Mistakes that occur during DNA replication or repair that can lead to mutations.

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What is a Frameshift Mutation?

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A mutation caused by the addition or deletion of a nucleotide, altering the reading frame of the genetic code.