AP Psychology Learning Flashcard

Front

What is an example of classical conditioning? A dog salivating at the sound of a bell because it has been conditioned to associate the bell with food.

Back

A dog salivating at the sound of a bell because it has been conditioned to associate the bell with food.

Front

What are the unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned response in classical conditioning?

Back

Unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned response

Front

Explain the process of extinction in classical conditioning.

Back

Extinction is the gradual decrease or disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus.

Front

How does generalization and discrimination relate to classical conditioning?

Back

Generalization and discrimination are concepts in classical conditioning where an organism responds to similar stimuli in the same way (generalization) or differentiates between similar stimuli and responds differently (discrimination).

Front

What is an example of operant conditioning? Options: Punishment for not doing chores, Eating candy for getting good grades, Receiving a reward for completing homework, Watching TV after finishing a project

Back

Receiving a reward for completing homework

Front

What are the differences between positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement in operant conditioning?

Back

Positive reinforcement involves adding a desirable stimulus to increase a behavior, while negative reinforcement involves removing an aversive stimulus to increase a behavior.

Front

Explain the concept of punishment in operant conditioning.

Back

Punishment is the process of decreasing the likelihood of a behavior by applying an aversive stimulus or removing a desirable stimulus after the behavior occurs.

Front

How does shaping work in operant conditioning?

Back

By reinforcing successive approximations of the desired behavior.

Front

What is observational learning and provide an example of it?

Back

Observational learning is learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others. An example of this is a child learning to tie their shoes by watching their parent do it.

Front

How does modeling influence observational learning?

Back

Modeling provides a demonstration or example for others to imitate or learn from.