DNA, Replication, Central Dogma

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What is DNA?

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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What is RNA?

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RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is a single-stranded molecule that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins by carrying instructions from DNA.

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What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

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The Central Dogma describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein, summarizing the processes of transcription and translation.

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What is transcription?

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Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA. It occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

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What is translation?

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Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA.

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What are nucleotides?

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Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

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What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

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The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

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What are the four nitrogenous bases in RNA?

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The four nitrogenous bases in RNA are Adenine (A), Uracil (U), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

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What is a codon?

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A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

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What is the role of the sugar-phosphate backbone in DNA?

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The sugar-phosphate backbone provides structural support to the DNA molecule, forming the sides of the double helix.