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What is conduction?

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Conduction is the transfer of heat through a material without the movement of the material itself. It occurs when two objects at different temperatures are in direct contact.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

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What is convection?

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Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases). It occurs when warmer areas of a liquid or gas rise and cooler areas sink, creating a circulation pattern.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

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What is radiation?

Back

Radiation is the transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves. It does not require a medium to travel through, allowing heat to be transferred through empty space.

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What is infrared radiation?

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Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than visible light. It is emitted by warm objects and is felt as heat.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-3

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What is Earth's energy budget?

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Earth's energy budget is the balance between the energy Earth receives from the Sun and the energy it radiates back into space. It determines the planet's climate and temperature.

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NGSS.HS-ESS3-5

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What is the greenhouse effect?

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The greenhouse effect is the process by which certain gases in Earth's atmosphere trap heat, preventing it from escaping into space. This helps to keep the planet warm.

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-5

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What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy sources?

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Renewable energy sources can be replenished naturally (e.g., solar, wind, hydro), while non-renewable energy sources are finite and will eventually run out (e.g., coal, oil, natural gas).

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What is the role of the Sun in Earth's energy system?

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The Sun provides the primary source of energy for Earth, driving weather patterns, photosynthesis in plants, and the overall climate system.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

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What is thermal equilibrium?

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Thermal equilibrium is the state in which two objects in contact with each other reach the same temperature, resulting in no net heat transfer between them.

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What is the significance of the ozone layer?

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The ozone layer is a region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation, protecting living organisms on the planet.