Biology Midterm Practice

Front

What is active transport?

Back

Active transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP).

Front

What are the components of a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is fermentation?

Back

Fermentation is a metabolic process that breaks down organic compounds in the absence of oxygen, producing energy.

Front

What organelle is responsible for energy production in cells?

Back

Mitochondria are the organelles responsible for producing energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.

Front

What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

Back

A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will swell as water enters the cell due to osmosis.

Front

What is passive transport?

Back

Passive transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy, moving down their concentration gradient.

Front

What is the role of mitochondria in a cell?

Back

Mitochondria convert nutrients into energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.

Front

What is the difference between hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions?

Back

Hypotonic solutions have a lower concentration of solutes than the cell, causing it to swell. Hypertonic solutions have a higher concentration of solutes, causing the cell to shrink. Isotonic solutions have equal concentrations, resulting in no net movement of water.

Front

What is the function of carrier proteins in active transport?

Back

Carrier proteins facilitate the movement of substances across the cell membrane during active transport, often against their concentration gradient.

Front

What is the significance of ATP in cellular processes?

Back

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in cells, providing energy for various cellular processes, including active transport.