Flashcard 2-Unit 5-Types of Mutations

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism, which can lead to changes in the organism's traits.

Front

What are the main types of mutations?

Back

The main types of mutations are substitution, deletion, insertion, and inversion.

Front

What is a substitution mutation?

Back

A substitution mutation occurs when one nucleotide in the DNA sequence is replaced by another nucleotide.

Front

What is a deletion mutation?

Back

A deletion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotides are removed from the DNA sequence.

Front

What is an insertion mutation?

Back

An insertion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotides are added to the DNA sequence.

Front

What is an inversion mutation?

Back

An inversion mutation occurs when a segment of DNA is reversed within the chromosome.

Front

How does a substitution mutation affect protein synthesis?

Back

A substitution mutation can change one amino acid in a protein, potentially altering its function.

Front

What is the impact of a deletion mutation on protein synthesis?

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A deletion mutation can cause a frameshift, altering the reading frame and potentially changing all subsequent amino acids.

Front

What is the significance of the genetic code?

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The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is translated into the sequence of amino acids in proteins.

Front

What role does mRNA play in protein synthesis?

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mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.