DNA & Protein Synthesis Review

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What is DNA?

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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What is the process of transcription?

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Transcription is the process by which the information in a DNA sequence is copied into a complementary RNA sequence, specifically mRNA.

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What is mRNA?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) is a type of RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

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What is tRNA?

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tRNA (transfer RNA) is a type of RNA that brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

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What are nucleotides?

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Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

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What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

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The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

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What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

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Ribosomes are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs, translating the mRNA sequence into a polypeptide chain.

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What is the genetic code?

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The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in mRNA is translated into proteins, consisting of codons that correspond to specific amino acids.

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What is a codon?

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A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.

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What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

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DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.