Protein Synthesis

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

The process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, resulting in the formation of mRNA.

Front

What is translation?

Back

The process of decoding mRNA to synthesize a polypeptide chain (protein) at the ribosome.

Front

What are codons?

Back

Sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids.

Front

How many nucleotides are in a codon?

Back

Three nucleotides.

Front

What is the start codon?

Back

AUG, which codes for the amino acid Methionine and signals the start of translation.

Front

What is the function of RNA polymerase?

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An enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription.

Front

What is a polypeptide?

Back

A chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, which folds into a functional protein.

Front

What is a peptide bond?

Back

A covalent bond that links amino acids together in a polypeptide chain.