Types of Studies and Sampling Methods

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What is a Prospective Study?

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A research design that follows participants forward in time to observe outcomes, often used to study the effects of risk factors on health.

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Define Outlier in a data set.

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An outlier is a data point that differs significantly from other observations, potentially indicating variability in the measurement or a different underlying process.

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What does the slope of the line of best fit (m) represent?

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The slope (m) represents the rate of change of the dependent variable with respect to the independent variable in a linear relationship.

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What is Conditional Distribution?

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Conditional distribution refers to the distribution of a subset of data given a specific condition or criteria.

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Explain Skewness in a graph.

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Skewness indicates the asymmetry of the distribution of values in a dataset; right skewed means a longer tail on the right, while left skewed means a longer tail on the left.

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What is a Randomized Experiment?

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A study design where participants are randomly assigned to different groups to test the effects of a variable, minimizing bias.

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Define Retrospective Study.

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A research design that looks back at data collected in the past to find correlations or outcomes related to certain variables.

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What is the purpose of a Survey in research?

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Surveys are used to collect data from a predefined group of respondents to gain insights into opinions, behaviors, or characteristics.

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What does Correlation (r) measure?

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Correlation (r) measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables, ranging from -1 to 1.

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What happens to the correlation (r) when an outlier is removed?

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Removing an outlier can increase the correlation (r) if the outlier was negatively affecting the relationship between the variables.