DNA Replication, Protein Synthesis and Mutations

Front

What is the role of Primase in DNA replication?

Back

Primase synthesizes short RNA primers that provide a starting point for DNA polymerase to begin DNA synthesis.

Front

Where does DNA replication begin?

Back

Replication Origin is the specific location on the DNA molecule where replication starts.

Front

What is transcription in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying the genetic code from DNA into a strand of RNA.

Front

What type of chromosomal mutation involves a segment of DNA being duplicated?

Back

Duplication is a type of chromosomal mutation where a segment of DNA is copied, resulting in multiple copies of that segment.

Front

What is a replication fork?

Back

A replication fork is the area where the DNA double helix is unwound to allow for replication to occur.

Front

What enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides during DNA replication?

Back

DNA Polymerase is the enzyme that adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during replication.

Front

What is the function of Ligase in DNA replication?

Back

Ligase is the enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand, sealing the gaps between them.

Front

What is the difference between leading and lagging strands in DNA replication?

Back

The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the direction of the replication fork, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short segments (Okazaki fragments) away from the fork.

Front

What is the significance of mutations in DNA?

Back

Mutations can lead to changes in protein structure and function, potentially resulting in genetic disorders or variations.

Front

What is the process of translation in protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process where ribosomes synthesize proteins by reading the sequence of mRNA and assembling the corresponding amino acids.