IB Chemistry: Chemical bonding SL

Front

What is ionic bonding?

Back

Ionic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, typically formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

Front

What are the characteristics of ionic compounds?

Back

Ionic compounds typically have high melting and boiling points, are brittle, and conduct electricity when dissolved in water or molten.

Front

What is metallic bonding?

Back

Metallic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between a lattice of positive ions and delocalized electrons, allowing metals to conduct electricity and heat.

Front

What is covalent bonding?

Back

Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, typically between nonmetals.

Front

What is the shape of a water molecule (H2O)?

Back

The shape of a water molecule is V-shaped (bent) due to the two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom.

Front

What is a polar covalent bond?

Back

A polar covalent bond is a type of covalent bond where the electrons are shared unequally between the two atoms, resulting in a dipole moment.

Front

What is hydrogen bonding?

Back

Hydrogen bonding is a strong type of dipole-dipole attraction that occurs between molecules containing hydrogen bonded to highly electronegative atoms like nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine.

Front

What is the trend in electronegativity in the periodic table?

Back

Electronegativity increases across a period from left to right and decreases down a group.

Front

What is the significance of lone pairs in molecular geometry?

Back

Lone pairs occupy space and can affect the shape of a molecule, leading to deviations from ideal bond angles.

Front

What is the octet rule?

Back

The octet rule states that atoms tend to form bonds in such a way that they have eight electrons in their valence shell, achieving a stable electron configuration.