El Nino & La Nina

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What is El Nino?

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El Nino is a climate pattern characterized by the warming of ocean surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, which can disrupt normal weather patterns.

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What is La Nina?

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La Nina is a climate pattern that represents the cooling of ocean surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, often leading to opposite weather effects compared to El Nino.

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What is upwelling?

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Upwelling is the process where cold, nutrient-rich water rises to the surface, often supporting marine life and fisheries.

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What is downwelling?

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Downwelling is the process where warm, less dense water sinks, which can lead to reduced nutrient availability in surface waters.

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How does El Nino affect marine life?

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El Nino can disrupt the marine food chain by shutting off upwelling, leading to a decrease in nutrients available for fish and other marine organisms.

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What are trade winds?

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Trade winds are steady winds that blow from east to west in the tropics, playing a crucial role in ocean currents and climate patterns.

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What happens to trade winds during El Nino?

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During El Nino, trade winds weaken, which can lead to changes in ocean temperatures and weather patterns.

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What happens to trade winds during La Nina?

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During La Nina, trade winds are stronger than usual, which can enhance upwelling and lead to cooler ocean temperatures.

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What is the impact of El Nino on rainfall patterns?

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El Nino typically causes increased rainfall in the central Pacific and drier conditions in the western Pacific.

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What is the impact of La Nina on rainfall patterns?

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La Nina often leads to increased rainfall in the western Pacific and drier conditions in the central and eastern Pacific.