Carbon Cycle and Nitrogen Cycle

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What is the carbon cycle?

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The carbon cycle is the process by which carbon is exchanged among the atmosphere, land, water, and living organisms. It involves processes like photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and combustion.

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What are fossil fuels?

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Fossil fuels are natural substances formed from the remains of ancient organisms, such as plants and animals, that have been buried and subjected to heat and pressure over millions of years. Examples include coal, oil, and natural gas.

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What role do bacteria play in the nitrogen cycle?

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Bacteria are essential in the nitrogen cycle as they help decompose organic matter and convert nitrogen into forms that plants can use, such as ammonium and nitrates.

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What is photosynthesis?

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Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy, using carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen.

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What is respiration?

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Respiration is the process by which living organisms convert glucose and oxygen into energy, releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.

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How does nitrogen fixation occur?

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Nitrogen fixation occurs when nitrogen gas from the atmosphere is converted into ammonia or related compounds, primarily through the action of certain bacteria or by lightning.

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What is decomposition?

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Decomposition is the process by which dead organic matter is broken down by microorganisms, returning nutrients to the soil and releasing carbon back into the atmosphere.

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How do animals obtain carbon?

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Animals obtain carbon by consuming plants or other animals that have carbon in their bodies, primarily through the food chain.

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What is the significance of the nitrogen cycle?

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The nitrogen cycle is crucial for maintaining ecosystem health as it ensures the availability of nitrogen, an essential nutrient for plant growth, which in turn supports the entire food web.

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What is the role of lightning in the nitrogen cycle?

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Lightning helps in nitrogen fixation by providing the energy needed to convert nitrogen gas in the atmosphere into usable forms like nitrates, which can be absorbed by plants.