Bio 1406 Final Exam review

Front

What is a missense mutation?

Back

A missense mutation is a type of mutation where a single nucleotide change results in the coding of a different amino acid, potentially altering the function of the protein.

Front

What are stomata?

Back

Stomata are microscopic pores found in the leaves and stems of plants that facilitate gas exchange and water loss.

Front

What are histones?

Back

Histones are proteins around which DNA wraps to condense and form chromatin, playing a crucial role in gene regulation.

Front

What is incomplete dominance?

Back

Incomplete dominance is a type of inheritance where the phenotype of heterozygotes is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes.

Front

What is the product of translation?

Back

The product of translation is a polypeptide, which is a chain of amino acids that folds into a functional protein.

Front

What is a nonsense mutation?

Back

A nonsense mutation is a type of mutation that introduces a premature stop codon in the DNA sequence, leading to a truncated and usually nonfunctional protein.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence, altering the reading frame and potentially changing all subsequent amino acids.

Front

What is codominance?

Back

Codominance is a type of inheritance where both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed, resulting in offspring with a phenotype that is neither dominant nor recessive.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in translation?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) is responsible for bringing the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching its anticodon with the mRNA codon.

Front

What is the function of aquaporins?

Back

Aquaporins are channel proteins that facilitate the transport of water across cell membranes, playing a key role in maintaining water balance in cells.