BIO 3C Vocabulary

Front

What is a genome?

Back

All of an organism's genetic material.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.

Front

What does rRNA stand for?

Back

Ribosomal RNA; type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome.

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

Forming proteins based on information in DNA and carried out by RNA.

Front

Who was Rosalind Franklin?

Back

Used X-ray diffraction to discover the double-helical structure of DNA.

Front

What is messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Back

Type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome.

Front

What is the role of DNA in genetics?

Back

DNA contains the instructions for the development and functioning of living organisms.

Front

What is the process of transcription?

Back

The organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA.

Front

What are nucleotides?

Back

The basic building blocks of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is the significance of the A-T and G-C pairing?

Back

They are the nearly perfect fit between adenine-thymine and guanine-cytosine nucleotides in DNA.