Protein Synthesis and RNA

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What is protein synthesis?

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The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What is mRNA?

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Messenger RNA, a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

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What is tRNA?

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Transfer RNA, a type of RNA that brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

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What is rRNA?

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Ribosomal RNA, a type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes, facilitating protein synthesis.

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What is a codon?

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A sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

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What is an anticodon?

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A sequence of three nucleotides on tRNA that pairs with a complementary codon on mRNA.

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What role does RNA polymerase play in protein synthesis?

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RNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes mRNA from a DNA template during transcription.

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What is the start codon?

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AUG, which codes for the amino acid Methionine and signals the start of translation.

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What is a stop codon?

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A codon that signals the termination of protein synthesis; examples include UAA, UAG, and UGA.

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How do mutations affect protein synthesis?

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Mutations can change the sequence of nucleotides in DNA, potentially altering the amino acid sequence of proteins.