NY Regents Protein synthesis

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What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What is a deletion mutation?

Back

A genetic mutation where one or more nucleotides are removed from the DNA sequence.

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What is Trisomy 21?

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A genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21, commonly known as Down's syndrome.

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What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

Where does transcription occur in the cell?

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Transcription occurs in the nucleus, where DNA is copied to form mRNA.

Front

What is the function of tRNA?

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tRNA transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the mRNA codons.

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What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

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Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype refers to the observable physical traits.

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What is the significance of environmental factors in gene expression?

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Environmental factors can influence how genes are expressed, leading to variations in phenotype among individuals with the same genotype.

Front

What is the process of translation in protein synthesis?

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Translation is the process where ribosomes read mRNA sequences and assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains to form proteins.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

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Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, facilitating the assembly of amino acids into proteins.