Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution

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Devised a model of the universe with the Sun at the center, and not earth.

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Copernicus

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Had a positive view of humans, all people have natural rights and it's the job of government to protect these, government's power comes from people

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John Locke

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(1694-1778) French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government. He also spoke out against the corruption of the French government, and the intolerance of the Catholic Church.

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(Francois-Marie Arouet) Voltaire

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(1564-1642) An Italian who provided more evidence for and questioned if the heavens really were perfect. He invented a new telescope, studied the sky, and published what he discovered. Because his work provided evidence that the Bible was was arrested and ended up on house arrest for the rest of his life.

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Galileo

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English philosopher and political theorist best known for his book Leviathan (1651), in which he argues that the only way to secure civil society is through universal submission to the absolute authority of a sovereign.

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Thomas Hobbes

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Informal social gatherings at which writers, artists, and others exchanged ideas

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Salons

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The natural rights identified by Locke

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Life, Liberty, Property

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Discovered the laws of gravity and motion and invented Calculus

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Isaac Newton

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Father of Classical laissez faire capitalist Economics

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Adam Smith

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The scientist who said the orbits of the planets around the sun are elliptical in shape

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Johannes Kepler