Protein Synthesis and Mutations

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

Protein synthesis is the process by which cells generate new proteins, involving two main stages: transcription and translation.

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What is a point mutation?

Back

A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence, which can lead to changes in the amino acid sequence of a protein.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA, which occurs in the nucleus.

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What amino acid does the codon UUA represent?

Back

The codon UUA represents the amino acid Leucine.

Front

What is the function of tRNA?

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tRNA (transfer RNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the corresponding codons in mRNA.

Front

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

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Transcription is the synthesis of mRNA from DNA, while translation is the synthesis of proteins from mRNA.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.