AP Biology Unit 2 Review

Front

What is a hypotonic solution?

Back

A solution that has a lower concentration of solutes compared to another solution, causing water to enter the cell, leading to swelling.

Front

What is cytoplasm?

Back

The jelly-like substance within a cell that contains organelles and is the site of many cellular processes.

Front

What organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins?

Back

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) is responsible for synthesizing proteins due to the presence of ribosomes on its surface.

Front

What is the function of mitochondria?

Back

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, producing ATP (energy) through cellular respiration.

Front

What are microvilli?

Back

Tiny projections on the surface of cells that increase surface area for absorption.

Front

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

Back

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Front

What is the function of lysosomes?

Back

Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Front

What is active transport?

Back

The movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy.

Front

What is the difference between isotonic and hypertonic solutions?

Back

Isotonic solutions have equal concentrations of solutes, while hypertonic solutions have a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution.

Front

What is the cell membrane's primary function?

Back

The cell membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell, maintaining homeostasis.