Cells Flashcard

Front

Which of the following is found only in eukaryotic cells and not prokaryotic cells?
mitochondria,
cytoplasm,
ribosomes,
cell wall

Back

mitochondria

Answer explanation

Mitochondria are organelles responsible for energy production and are found only in eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells lack mitochondria, relying instead on the cell membrane for energy processes.

Front

What organelle has protein production as its function?

Back

ribosomes

Answer explanation

Ribosomes are the organelles responsible for protein production. They synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA, making them essential for cellular function, unlike vacuoles, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, or the nucleus.

Front

What organelle maintains cell homeostasis by controlling which substances can enter and exit a cell?

Back

cell membrane

Answer explanation

The cell membrane is the organelle that maintains cell homeostasis by selectively controlling the entry and exit of substances, ensuring the internal environment remains stable.

Front

Which of the following are only found in PLANT cells (and most bacteria) and not in animal cells: lysosome, mitochondria, cell wall, nucleus?

Back

cell wall

Answer explanation

The cell wall is a rigid structure found in plant cells and most bacteria, providing support and protection. In contrast, animal cells lack a cell wall, having only a flexible plasma membrane.

Front

Which of the following are only found in PLANT cells (and many protists like algae) and not in animal cells: chloroplast, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm, ribosomes?

Back

chloroplast

Answer explanation

Chloroplasts are organelles found only in plant cells and some protists, responsible for photosynthesis. In contrast, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm, and ribosomes are present in both plant and animal cells.

Front

Prokaryotic organisms can be multicellular.

Back

False

Answer explanation

Prokaryotic organisms, such as bacteria, are typically unicellular. While some can form colonies, they do not exhibit true multicellularity like eukaryotes. Therefore, the statement is false.

Front

Prokaryotic cells include which of the following? plants, animals, fungi, bacteria

Back

bacteria

Answer explanation

Prokaryotic cells are simple, unicellular organisms without a nucleus. Among the options, only bacteria are prokaryotic. Plants, animals, and fungi are eukaryotic, which have complex cells with a nucleus.

Front

What type of cells is pictured?

Back

Eukaryotic - animal

Answer explanation

The cells depicted are eukaryotic and animal in nature, characterized by a defined nucleus and organelles. This distinguishes them from prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus and are simpler in structure.

Front

This organelle is found only in animals and functions in digesting bacteria and old cell parts:

Back

lysosome

Answer explanation

The lysosome is an organelle found only in animal cells, responsible for digesting bacteria and recycling old cell parts through its digestive enzymes, making it the correct answer.

Front

What cell is pictured below?

Back

plant

Answer explanation

The cell shown is a plant cell, characterized by a rigid cell wall, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and a large central vacuole. These features distinguish it from bacteria, animal, and fungi cells.