8.P.1.2 Properties of Elements and the Periodic Table

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What is the periodic table?

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A tabular arrangement of chemical elements, organized by increasing atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.

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What are groups in the periodic table?

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Vertical columns in the periodic table that contain elements with similar chemical properties.

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What are periods in the periodic table?

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Horizontal rows in the periodic table that indicate the number of electron shells in the elements.

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What are noble gases?

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Elements in group 18 of the periodic table that are characterized by their lack of reactivity due to having a full outer electron shell.

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What is atomic mass?

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The weighted average mass of an element's isotopes, primarily determined by the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

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What is a nonmetal?

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Elements that are typically poor conductors of heat and electricity, and can gain electrons easily.

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What is a metalloid?

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Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals, often used as semiconductors.

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What is the significance of group 2 elements?

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These are alkaline earth metals, known for being reactive and having two electrons in their outer shell.

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What is the definition of halogens?

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Elements in group 17 of the periodic table, known for being highly reactive and having seven electrons in their outer shell.

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What is the role of protons in an atom?

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Protons determine the atomic number of an element and contribute to the atomic mass.