Math 4 ~ Review: Experiment/Observ Study & Population/Sample

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What is an experiment in research?

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An experiment is a research method where the researcher manipulates one or more variables to observe the effect on another variable, often involving random assignment to groups.

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What is an observational study?

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An observational study is a research method where the researcher observes and records behavior or outcomes without manipulating any variables.

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Define 'population' in research.

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The population is the entire group of individuals or instances about whom the researcher wants to draw conclusions.

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Define 'sample' in research.

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A sample is a subset of the population that is selected for the actual study, used to make inferences about the population.

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CCSS.7.SP.A.1

CCSS.HSS.IC.A.1

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What is the difference between population and sample?

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The population includes all members of a defined group, while a sample is a smaller group selected from the population for study.

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CCSS.7.SP.A.1

CCSS.HSS.IC.A.1

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What is random sampling?

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Random sampling is a technique where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample, reducing bias.

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CCSS.HSS.IC.B.3

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What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?

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The control group serves as a baseline to compare against the experimental group, helping to isolate the effect of the independent variable.

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What is a variable in research?

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A variable is any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types and can affect the outcome of an experiment.

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What is an independent variable?

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The independent variable is the factor that is manipulated or changed in an experiment to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

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CCSS.HSS.CP.A.5

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What is a dependent variable?

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The dependent variable is the factor that is measured or observed in an experiment, which is affected by changes in the independent variable.