Protein Synthesis

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What is protein synthesis?

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The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is the role of rRNA in protein synthesis?

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rRNA (ribosomal RNA) combines with proteins to form ribosomes, which are the sites of protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

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tRNA (transfer RNA) transports amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching them to the mRNA codons.

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What is transcription?

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The process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA.

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What is translation?

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The process of decoding mRNA to synthesize proteins by linking amino acids together.

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What are peptide bonds?

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Covalent bonds that link amino acids together in a protein chain during translation.

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What is a codon?

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A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.

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What is an anticodon?

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A sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that is complementary to a codon in mRNA.

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What is the significance of the start codon?

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The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.