REVIEW: Genes, Chromosomes, and DNA

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What are chromosomes?

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Chromosomes are structures made of DNA and proteins that contain genetic information. They are found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and are visible during cell division.

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What is DNA?

Back

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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What are sister chromatids?

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Sister chromatids are identical copies of a chromosome that are connected by a centromere. They are formed during DNA replication.

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What are homologous chromosomes?

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Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that have the same structure and gene sequence, one inherited from each parent.

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What are nitrogenous bases?

Back

Nitrogenous bases are the building blocks of DNA and RNA. In DNA, the four bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

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What is a gene?

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A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein or set of proteins.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

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What is the role of nucleotides in DNA?

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Nucleotides are the basic building blocks of DNA, consisting of a nitrogenous base, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a phosphate group.

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What is the structure of DNA?

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DNA has a double helix structure, consisting of two strands that are twisted around each other, with nitrogenous bases paired in the center.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

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What is the function of chromosomes?

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Chromosomes ensure the accurate replication and distribution of genetic material during cell division.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

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What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

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DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.