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Two identical alleles for the same trait.

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Homozygous: An organism is homozygous for a trait when it has two identical alleles, such as AA or aa.

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Study of how traits are inherited.

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Genetics: The branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms.

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A trait that overpowers the other trait.

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Dominant: A dominant trait is one that is expressed in the phenotype even when only one copy of the allele is present.

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Genetic letters/Makeup of an organism.

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Genotype: The genetic constitution of an individual, represented by letters (e.g., AA, Aa, aa).

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Two different alleles for the same trait.

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Heterozygous: An organism is heterozygous for a trait when it has two different alleles, such as Aa.

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Physical expression of a trait.

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Phenotype: The observable characteristics or traits of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

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Different forms of a gene.

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Alleles: Variants of a gene that can produce different traits, such as flower color in plants.

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The genetic makeup of an organism that can be passed to offspring.

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Hereditary: Traits that are passed from parents to their offspring through genes.

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The process of cell division that produces gametes.

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Meiosis: A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four haploid cells.

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The physical location of a gene on a chromosome.

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Locus: The specific, fixed position on a chromosome where a particular gene or genetic marker is located.