Properties of Solutions Flashcard

Front

What is the effect of temperature on the dissolution rate of a solute in a solvent?

Back

Increasing the temperature generally increases the dissolution rate of a solute in a solvent.

Front

Define a saturated solution.

Back

A saturated solution is one that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature.

Front

What is a supersaturated solution?

Back

A supersaturated solution contains more solute than can normally dissolve at a given temperature, often achieved by cooling a saturated solution.

Front

Explain the role of intermolecular forces in solubility.

Back

Intermolecular forces determine how well a solute dissolves in a solvent; stronger attractions can lead to higher solubility.

Front

What is hydrogen bonding?

Back

Hydrogen bonding is a strong type of dipole-dipole attraction that occurs between molecules when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms like oxygen or nitrogen.

Front

How does breaking a solute into smaller pieces affect its dissolution rate?

Back

Breaking a solute into smaller pieces increases its surface area, which can increase the dissolution rate.

Front

What is the difference between an unsaturated and a saturated solution?

Back

An unsaturated solution can still dissolve more solute, while a saturated solution has reached its maximum solute capacity at a given temperature.

Front

What factors can affect the solubility of a substance?

Back

Factors include temperature, pressure (for gases), and the nature of the solute and solvent.

Front

Why do water molecules have stronger intermolecular attractions than ammonia molecules?

Back

Water molecules have stronger hydrogen bonding due to their bent shape and the presence of two hydrogen atoms bonded to a highly electronegative oxygen atom.

Front

What happens to the solubility of most solids as temperature increases?

Back

The solubility of most solids increases as temperature increases.